source: branches/fc15-dev/host/credit-card/shell.py @ 2392

Last change on this file since 2392 was 1999, checked in by ezyang, 13 years ago
Initial commit of credential cloning code.
File size: 11.6 KB
RevLine 
[1999]1"""
2Wrappers around subprocess functionality that simulate an actual shell.
3"""
4
5import subprocess
6import logging
7import sys
8import os
9import errno
10
11class Shell(object):
12    """
13    An advanced shell that performs logging.  If ``dry`` is ``True``,
14    no commands are actually run.
15    """
16    def __init__(self, dry = False):
17        self.dry = dry
18        self.cwd = None
19    def call(self, *args, **kwargs):
20        """
21        Performs a system call.  The actual executable and options should
22        be passed as arguments to this function.  Several keyword arguments
23        are also supported:
24
25        :param input: input to feed the subprocess on standard input.
26        :param interactive: whether or not directly hook up all pipes
27            to the controlling terminal, to allow interaction with subprocess.
28        :param strip: if ``True``, instead of returning a tuple,
29            return the string stdout output of the command with trailing newlines
30            removed.  This emulates the behavior of backticks and ``$()`` in Bash.
31            Prefer to use :meth:`eval` instead (you should only need to explicitly
32            specify this if you are using another wrapper around this function).
33        :param log: if True, we log the call as INFO, if False, we log the call
34            as DEBUG, otherwise, we detect based on ``strip``.
35        :param stdout:
36        :param stderr:
37        :param stdin: a file-type object that will be written to or read from as a pipe.
38        :returns: a tuple of strings ``(stdout, stderr)``, or a string ``stdout``
39            if ``strip`` is specified.
40
41        >>> sh = Shell()
42        >>> sh.call("echo", "Foobar")
43        ('Foobar\\n', '')
44        >>> sh.call("cat", input='Foobar')
45        ('Foobar', '')
46        """
47        self._wait()
48        kwargs.setdefault("interactive", False)
49        kwargs.setdefault("strip", False)
50        kwargs.setdefault("python", None)
51        kwargs.setdefault("log", None)
52        kwargs.setdefault("stdout", subprocess.PIPE)
53        kwargs.setdefault("stdin", subprocess.PIPE)
54        kwargs.setdefault("stderr", subprocess.PIPE)
55        msg = "Running `" + ' '.join(args) + "`"
56        if kwargs["strip"] and not kwargs["log"] is True or kwargs["log"] is False:
57            logging.debug(msg)
58        else:
59            logging.info(msg)
60        if self.dry:
61            if kwargs["strip"]:
62                return ''
63            return None, None
64        kwargs.setdefault("input", None)
65        if kwargs["interactive"]:
66            stdout=sys.stdout
67            stdin=sys.stdin
68            stderr=sys.stderr
69        else:
70            stdout=kwargs["stdout"]
71            stdin=kwargs["stdin"]
72            stderr=kwargs["stderr"]
73        # XXX: There is a possible problem here where we can fill up
74        # the kernel buffer if we have 64KB of data.  This shouldn't
75        # be a problem, and the fix for such case would be to write to
76        # temporary files instead of a pipe.
77        # Another possible way of fixing this is converting from a
78        # waitpid() pump to a select() pump, creating a pipe to
79        # ourself, and then setting up a
80        # SIGCHILD handler to write a single byte to the pipe to get
81        # us out of select() when a subprocess exits.
82        proc = subprocess.Popen(args, stdout=stdout, stderr=stderr, stdin=stdin, cwd=self.cwd, )
83        if self._async(proc, args, **kwargs):
84            return proc
85        stdout, stderr = proc.communicate(kwargs["input"])
86        # can occur if we were doing interactive communication; i.e.
87        # we didn't pass in PIPE.
88        if stdout is None:
89            stdout = ""
90        if stderr is None:
91            stderr = ""
92        if not kwargs["interactive"]:
93            if kwargs["strip"]:
94                self._log(None, stderr)
95            else:
96                self._log(stdout, stderr)
97        if proc.returncode:
98            raise CallError(proc.returncode, args, stdout, stderr)
99        if kwargs["strip"]:
100            return str(stdout).rstrip("\n")
101        return (stdout, stderr)
102    def _log(self, stdout, stderr):
103        """Logs the standard output and standard input from a command."""
104        if stdout:
105            logging.debug("STDOUT:\n" + stdout)
106        if stderr:
107            logging.debug("STDERR:\n" + stderr)
108    def _wait(self):
109        pass
110    def _async(self, *args, **kwargs):
111        return False
112    def callAsUser(self, *args, **kwargs):
113        """
114        Performs a system call as a different user.  This is only possible
115        if you are running as root.  Keyword arguments
116        are the same as :meth:`call` with the following additions:
117
118        :param user: name of the user to run command as.
119        :param uid: uid of the user to run command as.
120
121        .. note::
122
123            The resulting system call internally uses :command:`sudo`,
124            and as such environment variables will get scrubbed.  We
125            manually preserve :envvar:`SSH_GSSAPI_NAME`.
126        """
127        user = kwargs.pop("user", None)
128        uid = kwargs.pop("uid", None)
129        if not user and not uid: return self.call(*args, **kwargs)
130        if os.getenv("SSH_GSSAPI_NAME"):
131            # This might be generalized as "preserve some environment"
132            args = list(args)
133            args.insert(0, "SSH_GSSAPI_NAME=" + os.getenv("SSH_GSSAPI_NAME"))
134        if uid: return self.call("sudo", "-u", "#" + str(uid), *args, **kwargs)
135        if user: return self.call("sudo", "-u", user, *args, **kwargs)
136    def safeCall(self, *args, **kwargs):
137        """
138        Checks if the owner of the current working directory is the same
139        as the current user, and if it isn't, attempts to sudo to be
140        that user.  The intended use case is for calling Git commands
141        when running as root, but this method should be used when
142        interfacing with any moderately complex program that depends
143        on working directory context.  Keyword arguments are the
144        same as :meth:`call`.
145        """
146        if os.getuid():
147            return self.call(*args, **kwargs)
148        uid = os.stat(os.getcwd()).st_uid
149        # consider also checking ruid?
150        if uid != os.geteuid():
151            kwargs['uid'] = uid
152            return self.callAsUser(*args, **kwargs)
153        else:
154            return self.call(*args, **kwargs)
155    def eval(self, *args, **kwargs):
156        """
157        Evaluates a command and returns its output, with trailing newlines
158        stripped (like backticks in Bash).  This is a convenience method for
159        calling :meth:`call` with ``strip``.
160
161            >>> sh = Shell()
162            >>> sh.eval("echo", "Foobar")
163            'Foobar'
164        """
165        kwargs["strip"] = True
166        return self.call(*args, **kwargs)
167    def setcwd(self, cwd):
168        """
169        Sets the directory processes are executed in. This sets a value
170        to be passed as the ``cwd`` argument to ``subprocess.Popen``.
171        """
172        self.cwd = cwd
173
174class ParallelShell(Shell):
175    """
176    Modifies the semantics of :class:`Shell` so that
177    commands are queued here, and executed in parallel using waitpid
178    with ``max`` subprocesses, and result in callback execution
179    when they finish.
180
181    .. method:: call(*args, **kwargs)
182
183        Enqueues a system call for parallel processing.  If there are
184        no openings in the queue, this will block.  Keyword arguments
185        are the same as :meth:`Shell.call` with the following additions:
186
187        :param on_success: Callback function for success (zero exit status).
188            The callback function should accept two arguments,
189            ``stdout`` and ``stderr``.
190        :param on_error: Callback function for failure (nonzero exit status).
191            The callback function should accept one argument, the
192            exception that would have been thrown by the synchronous
193            version.
194        :return: The :class:`subprocess.Proc` object that was opened.
195
196    .. method:: callAsUser(*args, **kwargs)
197
198        Enqueues a system call under a different user for parallel
199        processing.  Keyword arguments are the same as
200        :meth:`Shell.callAsUser` with the additions of keyword
201        arguments from :meth:`call`.
202
203    .. method:: safeCall(*args, **kwargs)
204
205        Enqueues a "safe" call for parallel processing.  Keyword
206        arguments are the same as :meth:`Shell.safeCall` with the
207        additions of keyword arguments from :meth:`call`.
208
209    .. method:: eval(*args, **kwargs)
210
211        No difference from :meth:`call`.  Consider having a
212        non-parallel shell if the program you are shelling out
213        to is fast.
214
215    """
216    def __init__(self, dry = False, max = 10):
217        super(ParallelShell, self).__init__(dry=dry)
218        self.running = {}
219        self.max = max # maximum of commands to run in parallel
220    @staticmethod
221    def make(no_parallelize, max):
222        """Convenience method oriented towards command modules."""
223        if no_parallelize:
224            return DummyParallelShell()
225        else:
226            return ParallelShell(max=max)
227    def _async(self, proc, args, python, on_success, on_error, **kwargs):
228        """
229        Gets handed a :class:`subprocess.Proc` object from our deferred
230        execution.  See :meth:`Shell.call` source code for details.
231        """
232        self.running[proc.pid] = (proc, args, python, on_success, on_error)
233        return True # so that the parent function returns
234    def _wait(self):
235        """
236        Blocking call that waits for an open subprocess slot.  This is
237        automatically called by :meth:`Shell.call`.
238        """
239        # XXX: This API sucks; the actual call/callAsUser call should
240        # probably block automatically (unless I have a good reason not to)
241        # bail out immediately on initial ramp up
242        if len(self.running) < self.max: return
243        # now, wait for open pids.
244        try:
245            self.reap(*os.waitpid(-1, 0))
246        except OSError as e:
247            if e.errno == errno.ECHILD: return
248            raise
249    def join(self):
250        """Waits for all of our subprocesses to terminate."""
251        try:
252            while True:
253                self.reap(*os.waitpid(-1, 0))
254        except OSError as e:
255            if e.errno == errno.ECHILD: return
256            raise
257    def reap(self, pid, status):
258        """Reaps a process."""
259        # ooh, zombie process. reap it
260        proc, args, python, on_success, on_error = self.running.pop(pid)
261        # XXX: this is slightly dangerous; should actually use
262        # temporary files
263        stdout = proc.stdout.read()
264        stderr = proc.stderr.read()
265        self._log(stdout, stderr)
266        if status:
267            on_error(CallError(proc.returncode, args, stdout, stderr))
268            return
269        on_success(stdout, stderr)
270
271# Setup a convenience global instance
272shell = Shell()
273call = shell.call
274callAsUser = shell.callAsUser
275safeCall = shell.safeCall
276eval = shell.eval
277
278class DummyParallelShell(ParallelShell):
279    """Same API as :class:`ParallelShell`, but doesn't actually
280    parallelize (i.e. all calls to :meth:`wait` block.)"""
281    def __init__(self, dry = False):
282        super(DummyParallelShell, self).__init__(dry=dry, max=1)
283
284class CallError:
285    """Indicates that a subprocess call returned a nonzero exit status."""
286    #: The exit code of the failed subprocess.
287    code = None
288    #: List of the program and arguments that failed.
289    args = None
290    #: The stdout of the program.
291    stdout = None
292    #: The stderr of the program.
293    stderr = None
294    def __init__(self, code, args, stdout, stderr):
295        self.code = code
296        self.args = args
297        self.stdout = stdout
298        self.stderr = stderr
299    def __str__(self):
300        compact = self.stderr.rstrip().split("\n")[-1]
301        return "%s (exited with %d)\n%s" % (compact, self.code, self.stderr)
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